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Waves and Sound
Electric Forces and Fields
Electric Potential and
Electric Energy
Simple DC Circuits
Magnetic Forces and Fields
Magnetic Induction
EM Waves
Optics and Optical Instruments
Quantum Theory and the Atom
Nuclear Physics and Radiation
Text readings refer to Serway & Jewett, Principles of Physics,
4th ed., Thomson/Brooks Cole, 2006. ISBN 0-534-49143-X
Course announcements, class cancellations, downloads and
other information will be posted on
Normandale Community College's Online Learning Site.
Note: The learning outcomes
and consequently the key concepts, textbook readings, and suggested problems
are all subject to change. Preface each learning outcome with the phrase,
"Upon successful completion of this course, you should be able to..." |
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Waves
and Sound
Key Concepts:
Simple Harmonic Motion,
Transverse and Longitudinal Waves, Reflection and Transmission of Waves,
Wavelength, Period, Frequency, Interference Principle of Superposition,
Standing Waves; Resonance, Speed of Sound, Intensity and Sound Level,
Decibels, The Ear and
Its Response, Loudness, Beats, Doppler Effect, Ultrasonic Medical
Imaging.
Learning Objectives:
-
Define the terms
amplitude, period, frequency, angular frequency, phase; and be
able to calculate some of these quantities in problems.
-
State the criteria
for simple harmonic motion.
-
State the definition
of a wave.
-
State the difference
between transverse and longitudinal waves, and be able to cite
examples of each.
-
Explain the concepts
of constructive and destructive interference.
-
Observe standing
waves on a string and relate them to the principle of superposition.
-
Define the intensity
of a wave.
-
Calculate an unknown
frequency using the principle of beats.
-
Describe how the
human voice process produces sound waves.
-
Describe how the
human ear detects sound waves.
-
Using decibels,
solve problems related to sound level and sound level intensity.
-
Calculate a velocity
from the Doppler shift.
-
Calculate the speed
of sound for a given temperature.
-
Describe the use of
diagnostic ultrasound and explain how the Doppler effect and the
principle of beats are used.
Textbook: 12:1-3 (Review); 13:1-8; 14:1-7
Problems: 12:2,15; 13:2,3,10,13,24,26,28,34,35,38,54,59;
14:14,29,32,40
Other Learning Resources:
Study Notes
on Acoustics
How Ultrasound
Works
Ultrasound
(Mayo Clinic)
Hearing loss
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Electric Forces and Fields
Key Concepts:
Static Electricity, Electric Charge and Conservation, Electric Charge in
the Atom, Insulators and Conductors, Coulomb's Law, The Electric Field &
Field Lines, Electric Forces in Molecular Biology: DNA Structure and
Replication.
Learning Objectives:
-
Describe the similarities
and differences between the gravitational force and the
electromagnetic force.
-
Define "field" and give
two examples.
-
Calculate the force on a
charged object due to another charged object or an electric field.
-
State the properties of
electric charge.
-
State Coulomb's Law and
the principle of superposition.
-
State the characteristics
of conductors and insulators and how charges are distributed..
-
Describe how electric
field lines are used to represent the electric field in a region of
space.
-
Describe how electric
field vectors are oriented with respect to electric field lines.
-
Sketch the electric field
lines of a single charge and a dipole.
Textbook: 19:1-7
Problems: 19:3,9,13,16,27
Other Learning Resources:
How DNA
Evidence Works
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Electric Potential
and Electric Energy
Key Concepts:
Electric Potential Energy and Electric Potential,
Equipotential Lines, The Electron Volt, Electric Potential Due to Point
Charges, Potential Due to Electric Dipole, Dipole Moment, Capacitance &
Dielectrics, Storage of Electric Energy, The Electrocardiogram (EKG).
Learning Objectives:
-
Define the volt.
-
State the properties
of conductors in electrostatic equilibrium.
-
State the definition
of potential difference (voltage) and its relation to the change in
energy when an electric force acts on a charge.
-
Calculate the change
in energy and speed as a charged particle moves through a potential
difference.
-
Define the
characteristics of the electric potential of a charged conductor.
-
Define an
equipotential line and how it is oriented with respect to electric
field lines.
-
Plot the
relationship between equipotential and electric field lines.
-
Define and calculate
capacitance.
-
Calculate the
potential difference between parallel capacitor surfaces.
-
Calculate the energy
stored in a capacitor.
-
Define and use the
electronvolt unit.
Textbook: 20:1-4,6-7,9-10
Problems: 20:1,2,5,20,21,31,36,48,50,56
Other Learning Resources:
Electrocardiogram (Mayo Clinic)
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Simple DC Circuits
Key Concepts:
Electric Current, Ohm's Law: Resistance and Resistors,
Resistivity, Electric Power, Power in Circuits, Electrical Conduction in
the Human Nervous System, EMF and Terminal Voltage, Resistors in Series
and in Parallel, RC Circuits, Electric Hazards & Safety.
Learning Objectives:
-
-
Define resistance
and calculate the resistance of a conductor from its dimensions and
resistivity.
-
Use Ohm's Law to
calculate the current, voltage, and resistance.
-
Calculate the power
loss in a resistor.
-
Define resistivity
and discuss the temperature dependence of resistance.
-
Compare the speed
with which electrons travel in a conductor to the speed of
propagation of the information.
-
State the convention
for direction of current.
-
Recognize simple
circuit elements in a schematic diagram.
-
Recognize resistors
in parallel or series and calculate the equivalent resistance.
-
Calculate or measure
the voltage across resistors.
-
Given a circuit and
voltage, calculate or measure the current.
-
Describe how the
current in an RC circuit changes with time.
-
Calculate the time
constant for an RC circuit.
-
Understand the
physical significance of the time constant in an RC circuit.
-
Observe and graph
the voltage across a discharging capacitor as a function of time.
-
Calculate and
measure the time constant for a known resistor-capacitor circuit.
-
Calculate the power
dissipated in a resistor.
-
Describe one
application in medical technology that uses capacitors to store
energy.
Textbook: 21:1-2,5-7,9
Problems: 21:1,6,10,14,15,17,18,21,23,25,28,31,32,41,44,49,53
Other Learning Resources:
Biventricular pacemaker (Mayo Clinic)
Automated external defibrillators (Mayo Clinic)
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Magnetic Forces and Fields
Key Concepts:
Magnets and Magnetic Fields, Electric Currents and Magnetic Fields,
Force on an Electric Current in a Magnetic Field, Force on Electric
Charge Moving in a Magnetic Field, Magnetic Field Due to a Long Straight
Wire, Force between Two Parallel Wires, Solenoids and Electromagnets,
The MRI magnet, Torque on a Current Loop, Galvanometers, Motors,
Loudspeakers, Mass Spectrometer.
Learning Objectives:
-
State the
Magnetic Force Law for a charged particle.
-
Explain that the
magnetic force on a moving charged particle is centripetal.
-
Calculate the
magnitude and direction of the force on a charged particle moving in
a uniform magnetic field.
-
Calculate the radius
of curvature of a charged particle moving in a uniform magnetic
field.
-
Calculate the force
due to an external magnetic field on a straight current-carrying
wire.
-
Calculate the torque
due to a magnetic field on a current-carrying loop.
-
Explain the
principles involved in building an electric motor.
-
Describe the
orientation of magnetic field of the earth.
-
State the sources of
magnetic fields.
-
Describe how a mass
spectrometer works and how these are used in analytical
laboratories.
Textbook: 22:1-6,8,10
Problems: 22:1,5,11,15,19,23,33,45,47,55,60,62
Other Learning Resources:
How strong are
the magnets in an MRI machine?
How MRI Works
MRI: Viewing the
body's hidden structure (Mayo Clinic)
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Magnetic Induction
Key Concepts:
Induced EMF, Faraday's Law of Induction, Lenz's Law, EMF Induced in
a Moving Conductor, Changing Magnetic Flux and the Electric Field,
Electric Generators, Back EMF and Counter Torque, Eddy Currents, Power
Surges, Transformers, and Transmission of Electric Power.
Learning Objectives:
-
Explain that
changing magnetic flux induces an EMF in a closed conduction
loop.
-
State the various
ways magnetic flux can change.
-
Use Faraday's Law to
calculate the EMF induced in a closed loop circuit.
-
Explain how an
electric generator works.
Textbook: 23:1-4,7
Problems: 23:1,20,50,58
Other Learning Resources:
Inside
a Power-Cube Transformer
How Power Grids
Work
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EM Waves
Key Concepts:
Electromagnetic Waves, Light, the Electromagnetic
Spectrum, Intensity of and Energy in EM Waves, Radio
and Television, Wireless Communication, Medical telemetry.
Learning Objectives:
-
State that a
time varying electric field produces a magnetic field and that a
time varying magnetic field produces an electric field.
-
State that
electromagnetic radiation is produced whenever charged particles are
accelerated.
-
State that Maxwell's
equations predict the existence of electromagnetic waves.
-
State the properties
of electromagnetic waves.
-
State the regions
into which the electromagnetic spectrum is commonly divided
-
Recognize the order
of these regions and the values for visible light.
-
Describe the
particle nature of light and calculate the energy of a photon given
the frequency or wavelength.
-
Solve problems
involving the intensity, power and EM fields of EM waves.
-
State the regions of the
electromagnetic spectrum and indicate the imaging technology used to
detect the radiation.
Textbook: 24:2-3,5-9
Problems: 24:33,36,49,60
Other Learning Resources:
Sharing of Analog and
Digital Television Spectrum by Medical Telemetry Devices
Risk of
Electromagnetic Interference with Medical Telemetry Systems
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Optics and Optical
Instruments
Key Concepts:
Reflection; Image Formation by a Plane Mirror, Formation of Images
by Spherical Mirrors, Index of Refraction Refraction: Snell's Law, Total
Internal Reflection, Fiber Optics, Fiber optics in human teeth, ‘oscopes,
Interference by Thin Films, Polarization, Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD),
Absorption of Light: The Pulse Oximeter, The Human Eye: Myopia,
Hyperopia, Presbyopia; Corrective Lenses, Compound Microscope, Limits of
Resolution, Circular Apertures, Resolution of Binoculars and
Microscopes, Resolution of the Human Eye and Useful Magnification,
Specialty Microscopes, Digital Imaging.
Learning Objectives:
-
Describe the ray
nature of light.
-
State and use the
law of reflection .
-
State and use the
law of refraction.
-
Define what is meant
by total internal reflection and give a medical application.
-
Define dispersion
and give an example.
-
Describe how a
convex lens forms an image and calculate the position of the object
or image.
-
Describe how a
concave or convex mirror forms an image and calculate the position
of the object or image.
-
Describe how a
microscope forms an image.
-
Describe how the
human eye works.
-
Define myopia
and hyperopia and calculate corrections for them.
-
Define presbyopia
and accommodation.
-
Describe how the eye
responds to color.
-
Define and use the
diopter unit.
Textbook: 25:1-5,7, 8; 26:1-5
Problems: 25:16 26:12,15,24,41,42
Other Learning Resources:
How Corrective Lenses
Work
Nearsightedness
Farsightedness
Astigmatism
Presbyopia
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Quantum Theory and the Atom
Key Concepts:
Photon Theory of Light and the Photoelectric Effect, Energy, Mass,
and Momentum of a Photon, Early Models of the Atom, The Bohr Model,
Atomic Spectra: The Structure of the Atom X-Ray Spectra and Atomic
Number, X-Ray Imaging, and Computed Tomography (CT), Lasers.
Learning Objectives:
-
State the Bohr Model of
the atom and explain how it was a useful model.
-
Calculate the energy or
momentum of a photon from its wavelength or vice versa.
-
Describe an atom and its
components.
-
Describe the photoelectric
effect and Einstein's explanation of it.
-
Describe atomic spectra and why
you see discrete wavelengths.
-
Define bremstrahlung and
state how x-rays can be produced.
-
Describe the process that
causes the emission of light from an atom.
-
State how x-rays are
produced.
-
Explain why CT is an
advance over conventional x-ray.
Textbook: 28:1-2,4; 29:1-2,6
Problems: 28:1,3,6,19; 29:5,33
Other Learning Resources:
Wave-Particle
Duality and the Photoelectric Effect
X-ray Imaging (Mayo
Clinic)
CT scan (Mayo
Clinic)
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Nuclear Physics and
Radiation
Key Concepts:
Structure and Properties of the Nucleus, Binding Energy and Nuclear
Forces, E = mc2; Mass – Energy Equivalence, Radioactivity,
Alpha Decay, Beta Decay, Gamma Decay, Positron Emission, Half-life and
Rate of Decay, Radioactive Dating, Detection of Radiation, Passage of
Radiation Through Matter, Radiation Damage in Human Tissue, Measurement
of Radiation-Dosimetry, Radiation Protection, Radiation Therapy, Tracers
and Imaging in Research and Medicine, Positron Emission Tomography,
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
Learning Objectives:
-
Define atomic mass,
number, nucleon and isotope.
-
Define radioactivity
and give examples.
-
Describe how alpha,
beta, and gamma decay or positron emission change a nucleus.
-
Define
bremstrahlung and state how x-rays can be produced.
-
Describe how
ionizing radiation and x-rays can be detected.
-
State what maintains
nuclear stability and why decay occurs.
-
Define half-life and
activity and use the concepts to calculate activity.
-
State the effect of
increasing the distance from a radioactive source on the intensity
of the radiation.
-
Describe the effects
of absorber materials on radiation and calculate a half-value
thickness.
-
Describe the
biological effects of ionizing radiation and how to protect humans
from the effects.
-
State this units
used to measure radioactive decay activity and effective radiation
dose.
-
State the most
common sources of background radiation.
-
Describe a use of
nuclear physics in medicine such as PET and MRI.
-
Define
radiopharmaceutical and describe the use of these isotopes.
Textbook: 30:1-5
Problems: 30:8,12,14,17,19,21,25,46,47,51,61,62,63,64
Other Learning Resources:
Radioactivity
and alpha, beta, and gamma decay
The ABC's of Nuclear Science
EPA Radiation
Dose Calculator
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Radiation Dose Calculator
Health Physics Society
Positron
emission tomography (PET) scan (Mayo Clinic)
Biological effects of
ionizing radiation
How
Nuclear Medicine Works
How MRI Works
MRI: Viewing the
body's hidden structure (Mayo Clinic)
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FINAL EXAM |
